Level 1
CompTIA Linux+ Level 1 foundation articles for entry-level technicians.
Viewing and editing text with less nano and vim
Learn when to use less, nano, and vim on Linux systems, with safe workflows for reading logs, editing configs, and...
User and group administration passwd shadow and sudo
Learn how /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, Linux groups, and sudo work together, with practical commands and compatibility...
Troubleshoot network issues with ss ip ping and tracepath
Learn a practical Linux network troubleshooting flow with ss, ip, ping, and tracepath, including routing, DNS, and MTU...
Terminal basics: shell prompt and help system
Learn how to read the Linux shell prompt safely and use --help, man, help, apropos, and whatis to avoid command errors...
System logs with journalctl and rsyslog
Learn how to troubleshoot and operate Linux logging with journalctl and rsyslog, including retention, forwarding, and...
Swap management and memory pressure basics
Learn how Linux swap and memory reclaim work, how OOM events happen, and how to tune and troubleshoot memory pressure...
Shell scripting error handling and debugging
Learn practical Bash error handling and debugging: strict mode, traps, retries, tracing, lock files, and...
Service management with systemctl practical playbook
Learn a production-safe systemctl workflow: service state checks, restart and reload choices, boot control, failure...
SELinux and AppArmor for beginners
Understand what SELinux and AppArmor do, how they differ, and how to troubleshoot real denials safely on Debian,...